Overview & mechanism
KPV (Lysine-Proline-Valine) is the terminal tripeptide of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. It retains anti-inflammatory activity without the pigmentation effects of the parent peptide. Research has focused on modulation of NF-κB signaling, mast cell stabilization, and effects on inflammatory bowel models. Investigated routes include subcutaneous injection and oral administration for gastrointestinal targeting.
Research dose & half-life
- Half-life:
- Short (<1 hour systemic); local effects persist longer
- Research dose:
- Research protocols commonly use 250–500 mcg 1x daily for 4–6 weeks. Alternative protocol: 500 mcg–1 mg 3x weekly (e.g., Mon/Wed/Fri) for maintenance or gut-focused research.
- Protocol notes:
- Schedule: subcutaneous or oral in research; if subcutaneous, use a consistent daily time. Start/stop: daily 4–6 week courses, or 3x-weekly maintenance up to 8–12 weeks; take planned breaks between cycles. Cautions: not for active infection or severe autoimmune flare without qualified supervision; monitor for GI upset or skin reactions.
Safety & side effects
Generally well tolerated in short studies. Possible: injection-site reactions, mild GI symptoms, skin flushing or itching, headache. Because KPV modulates immune activity, use caution with immunosuppressive therapy or active infection. Not studied in pregnancy or long-term use. Discontinue for rash, swelling, or breathing difficulty (possible hypersensitivity).